Cover of The 3D Adaptive Leadership Model by Paul B. Thornton

A practical leadership model

The 3D Adaptive Leadership Model

You can be a great leader by excelling in three areas: diagnosing the current situation, adding value by deciding what to do and how to do it, and adjusting when conditions change.

The 3D Adaptive Leadership Model teaches you how to do all three, so you can help individuals and teams achieve better outcomes.

Why this book

A lesson that lasted a lifetime.

As a sophomore at Ohio University, Paul walked into Professor Paul Hersey’s Managing Organizational Behavior course. It became the most influential course of his college experience.

Hersey taught that there is no single best leadership style. Effective leaders adjust their approach to the people and the situation. Paul carried that idea into coaching, college teaching, corporate leadership development, and more than 40 years of work with leaders.

“I achieved a C+ in Professor Hersey’s course—but an A+ in what actually stuck.”

Brief summary of Chapter 1

Leadership changes with the situation.

Great leaders don’t use the same approach in every situation. They diagnose what is happening, determine people’s needs, choose the best way to respond, and adjust as conditions change.

Drawing on what I learned from Professor Paul Hersey and from years of teaching, coaching, training, and interviewing successful leaders, I developed The 3D Adaptive Leadership Model.

1

Diagnose

Before taking action, understand the situation. Look at three things:

Environment
What is happening around you? What trends, challenges, resources, and constraints matter?
Task
What needs to be accomplished? Are the goals, priorities, responsibilities, and measures of success clear?
People
Are they able and willing to do what is required?

The better you understand the situation, the more likely you are to choose an effective leadership response.

2

Add value

Once you understand the situation, determine what needs to be addressed and how to proceed. People typically need one or more of three things:

Clarity
Clear goals, priorities, roles, responsibilities, and expectations.
Capability
The skills, knowledge, resources, information, or tools needed to succeed.
Commitment
Motivation, ownership, accountability, and persistence.

Then choose the leadership approach that best fits the situation.

Directing
Tell people what to do and how to do it when you need immediate action, clear direction, or additional guidance.
Discussing
Ask questions and engage people in dialogue when the situation is complex, ambiguous, or when their knowledge and ideas are important.
Delegating
Give people responsibility and decision-making authority when they have the ability and confidence to work independently.

No single leadership style is best. The best approach depends on the situation.

3

Adjust

The situation rarely stays the same. People develop new skills. Priorities change. Problems become more complex. Deadlines shift. New information emerges.

Effective leaders continually ask:

“What do my people need from me right now?”

Then they adjust their approach when the situation changes. Adaptive leadership isn’t about changing your approach whenever someone disagrees with you. It’s about changing your approach when the situation requires it.

Part II

Leadership decisions in context.

Six case studies show how directing, discussing, and delegating change the outcome—and why leaders often need more than one style in the same situation.

Chapter 2

Improper use of work time

How three leadership styles influence one employee issue.

Chapter 3

The feuding VPs

A president addresses conflict, professionalism, and consequences.

Chapter 4

Addressing accountability

A plant manager confronts avoidance and uneven standards.

Chapter 5

Business simplification

A leadership team reduces bureaucracy and moves decisions closer to customers.

Chapter 6

The system is the problem

A careful diagnosis reveals that the process—not the employee—is failing.

Chapter 7

Accelerating AI implementation

Urgency without clarity produces discussion, but not an executable plan.

Part III

Making adaptive leadership work.

The final chapters examine the beliefs, needs, emotions, blind spots, communication problems, and delegation mistakes that can prevent a leader from diagnosing accurately and adjusting well.

The bottom line

Help people become more capable and independent.

The 3D Adaptive Leadership Model helps you become more effective in every leadership situation. You will make better decisions, achieve better results, and help people become more capable and independent.

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